The Effectiveness of Activated Carbon Made from Shallot Skin in Reducing Calcium Levels and Total Hardness in Hard Water

Efektivitas Karbon Aktif Berbahan Kulit Bawang Merah Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Calsium dan Total Hardness pada Air Sadah

Authors

  • Juna Sihombing Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri Medan
  • Adil Barus Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri Medan
  • Jahartap Yustin Pasaribu Universitas Prima Indonesia
  • Immanuel Julius Sirait Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.68115/reprokimia.v4i1.230

Keywords:

Activated Carbon, Calsium

Abstract

Water hardness is one of the common problems found in water. Water hardness can cause various problems, as it has the potential to damage household and industrial equipment. This research was conducted by utilizing shallot skin into activated carbon with 0.1 N NaOH. Water hardness countermeasures were carried out by adding activated carbon as much as 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; and 0.08 grams, respectively, with variations in agitation time for 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The results obtained show that activated carbon made from shallot skin reduces Ca2+ levels to 77.4194%, namely by using a mass of activated carbon as much as 0.08gram with an agitation time of 90 minutes. Activated carbon made from shallot skin can reduce total hardness to 46.6667%, namely by using a mass of 0.06 grams of activated carbon with an agitation time of 60 minutes. The decrease in Ca2+ content and total hardness is mainly influenced by the agitation time made from shallot skin compared to the mass of activated carbon. The adsorbed hard water has met the standards of Permenkes RI No. 32 of 2017.

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Published

2025-06-18

How to Cite

Sihombing, J., Barus, A. ., Pasaribu, J. Y., & Sirait, I. J. (2025). The Effectiveness of Activated Carbon Made from Shallot Skin in Reducing Calcium Levels and Total Hardness in Hard Water: Efektivitas Karbon Aktif Berbahan Kulit Bawang Merah Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Calsium dan Total Hardness pada Air Sadah. Jurnal Rekayasa, Teknologi Proses Dan Sains Kimia (REPROKIMIA), 4(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.68115/reprokimia.v4i1.230

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Juni : Jurnal Rekayasa, Teknologi Proses dan Sains Kimia

Section

Articles

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